How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve a person's life.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist could look through the school records from the past to determine whether symptoms began in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time However, for those who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with school, work and family life. To be able to identify the disorder, one must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas, and prove that the symptoms significantly affect the daily functioning. The symptoms must also be present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about their symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They may also use rating systems to assess symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are usually built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
For adults, doctors might request a conversation with a significant other or people who know the patient. This isn't meant to challenge the honesty of the patient, but to gain insight into the person's behavior that cannot be gathered from a questionnaire. You can also inquire about their childhood behavior, and look at old school records to determine whether the signs started prior to the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct a physical exam and do lab tests to rule out other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the patient's medication list. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other conditions. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to speak to their primary care providers in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must be present in two or more settings (like school, home, and work) and seriously hinder functioning. They must also have started before age 12, and the impairment cannot be due to another disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional or doctor will employ a variety of tools during an evaluation, including ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed history. adhd diagnosis adults may also interview family members or friends to find out how the symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire if there are any other psychiatric disorders or physical illnesses that display similar symptoms.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the person's medical and family background to determine if there are underlying causes of their problem like thyroid issues or head injuries.
In some cases, an evaluator may want to perform cognitive testing or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, including learning disabilities, mood disorders, personality disorders or alcohol abuse. People with these issues often appear differently than those who do not have these issues. For instance, boys are more likely to show hyperactive symptoms and girls show inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to try out new treatments. This is a great chance to conduct further research. However, participants should be aware that the primary goal of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge, not an assurance of treatment. For more information about clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect they may have ADHD, it's important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider whether ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for referrals. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. She may use standardized checklists or ADHD symptoms, and may also ask other people in a person's life for details including spouses and families. Personal insight can reveal more than can be discovered from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to examine any records that the individual may have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present from the age of a child (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also usually done. It is also checked for any other medical issues that may cause symptoms, like seizures or thyroid problems. The specialist will typically conduct a neurological exam that checks for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that measure the ability to think and be smart could also be used. In addition, a person might be asked to complete simple computer tasks that test attention and memory. This could help an expert determine if a person is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy may help children and adults learn healthy ways to cope and change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be provided by a primary doctor or a mental health specialist who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve by taking medication. However it is not the only treatment for the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both can be beneficial to teenagers, children, and adults. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with them. They may include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and methods to manage it. They can also include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is important to find a health care provider or mental health professional with previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people with ADHD for recommendations or a mental healthcare provider you know. You can also conduct an online search. It's important to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
The doctor will ask you or your child about the signs and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you along with school records and other documents.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about the symptoms and request that other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, including depression or anxiety. Therefore, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment, which teaches skills like managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. Regular exercise can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also crucial for people with ADHD tend to consume higher levels of sugar and fat and less vegetables and fruits than other people. Also, making family and social relationships prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and allow people to feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid adults and children to comprehend their difficulties. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to peers and teachers, but once a teacher is aware that it's not due to personal issues or to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions geared toward the person's age, interview teachers and family members and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, school records might be helpful in determining if the ADHD symptoms began before age.
The doctor will also look for any hearing or vision problems. They might also conduct tests on blood to check for certain hormones, and other health issues that could cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.